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Numerous other Scientologist-run organizations and companies belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which certifies the use of Hubbard's management teachings, and circulates directory sites of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE requires those who wish to end up being Hubbard management consults to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which uses a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated organization is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Technology and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999. Internet ISP EarthLink was founded by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.




This section requires expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to assist in the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the type of effective or highly regarded individuals. Church of Scientology Perth. Though it has obtained some reliability as a faith in many countries, Scientology has actually likewise been described as both a cult and a business enterprise.

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For instance, it has been kept in mind to engage in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Fair Video game people it views as its enemies. In 1979, numerous Scientology members were convicted for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were likewise founded guilty of scams, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, malicious libel versus legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religions in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner states that Scientology's "high level of exposure" may be viewed as "threatening to established social organizations".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were commercial and operated for the benefit of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).


Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the look these up time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than IRS had initially demandedand the IRS acknowledged the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit company.


Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the web United States federal government accepts it as a religious beliefs. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in items for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as determined in an internet poll run by the presidential shift team soliciting public input for the incoming administration.

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State Department has criticized Western European nations for discrimination versus Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Liberty report, based on the International Religious Liberty Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a company, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license charges sent to the US. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered hallmark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who attempt to utilize it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard appointed Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor - Church of Scientology Perth. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on renamed the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated one of the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by an organization not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).


In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The criminal offense committed by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No individual or company was free from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past made usage of aggressive techniques in resolving those it sees as trying to suppress them, called Suppressive Persons (SPs) first detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable video game. Scientology Perth. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known see page to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's plan was found at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.